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Air conditioners are energy hogs, so if you want to go green, go off peak. Green energy is a big topic these days, and the list of ways to generate and manage energy more efficiently keeps growing. One innovative way to use energy wisely is through the use of off-peak cooling systems. Off-peak cooling is pretty ingenious because it uses energy at night when the demand is low. Air conditioning is an energy hog, and when some of the electricity needed to cool all that air is distributed over the evening and night hours, it takes some of the burden off the energy grid at the biggest demand times of the day. This redistributes the demand for electricity, helping to avoid brownouts and blackouts and also takes advantage of lower electricity rates during off-peak times. There are other benefits to off-peak cooling systems, too. Conventional air conditioners use more energy as they get hotter, and the more energy they draw, the less efficiently they use it. Other chemical reactions result in black spots and fogging (a white and blue-tinted haze) that can cause the image to deteriorate from beyond recognition to no longer visible, or completely obscured. But luckily, there's more to this picture than meets the eye: Science to the rescue! An interdisciplinary team of researchers from Canada's University of Western Ontario, the Photography Institute at the National Gallery of Canada and the Canadian Light Source (CLS), using facilities at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) conducted a detailed analysis of the chemical changes that degrade and potentially destroy daguerreotypes. Their study, published June 22, 2018, in Scientific Reports, reveals that by looking at the mercury content of individual daguerreotypes, researchers can retrieve some images in great detail. What they found was that in some cases, even the images on severely tarnished daguerreotypes can be recovered. Using scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine the elemental makeup of the daguerreotype surface, the team discovered that the mercury distribution alone, as retrieved by scanning XRF, closely reproduces the original image and isn't affected by certain kinds of degradation tarnishing. Because mercury is the major element that comprises the images, even though the surface of the daguerreotype is tarnished, the image particles remain intact. The XRF method is noninvasive and doesn't touch the fragile surface of the daguerreotype or alter it in any way. That's great news for museum curators, conservationists, scholars and historians who seek to preserve the world's earliest photographic cultural artifacts. And it's a fly in the face of immortality for the 19th-century mercurial ghosts who lie latent on tarnished, silver-coated copper plates, waiting to be unforgotten. Seventeen years before Louis Daguerre honed the technique of daguerreotype photography, he invented the diorama, a moving spectacle that featured two colossal paintings lit from the front and through the back inside an otherwise completely dark revolving auditorium. india

















































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